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　　Editor’s note:"Good health is the capital of revolution", but in busy life, people are often busy with work and eager to socialize, but they ignore the geomantic treasure of good health. In fact, with a little attention and early prevention, health is around us. People’s Health Network launched the column "Know early and know early" to collect and sort out the health knowledge that you usually ignore, be your health think tank, and carry out health with you to the end!

　　Breathing through your mouth will make you "stupid"

　　Breathing with your mouth open doesn’t mean that you can breathe in more oxygen. On the contrary, it will affect your breathing because of the wrong way of breathing, which will oppress your nose and leave your brain in a state of hypoxia. If the oxygen intake is not enough, the quality of sleep will be poor, people will easily doze off during the day, lose concentration, and even their intelligence will be slightly affected.

　　Especially for children under the age of 14 who are in the period of growth and development, their physical development and the development of the nervous system and brain will be affected. If they miss the critical development opportunity, their memory will be reduced, their thinking will be inattentive, their reaction will be slow, and they may gradually become "stupid".

　　As long as children are found to be breathing through their mouths when they are sleeping, watching TV and staring blankly, parents must pay attention. One more thing, children sleep very noisily at night, tossing and turning, and even snoring, which is also a danger signal. Parents must take their children to see a doctor in time to find out what causes them to breathe through their mouths.

　　Do you breathe through your mouth when you sleep?

　　How to judge how you breathe? The Japanese Physical Maintenance Association wrote an article introducing the common manifestations of patients with oral respiration. Everyone can test themselves, which is more consistent, and some adjustments should be made during sleep.

　　When unconscious, the mouth is half open; Dry lips; When I wake up in the morning, my throat hurts burning; Unable to consciously move the nostrils; Relax and look in the mirror, and the corners of your mouth are always downward; Make a slurping sound when eating; Snoring; The thickness difference between upper and lower lips is large; The lower lip "covers the sky"; Irregular or protruding teeth; Used to chewing with unilateral teeth.

　　Compared with nasal breathing, oral breathers have seven adverse consequences: the virus directly enters the mouth without passing through the nasal cavity, and they prefer to catch a cold; Easy to dry in the mouth, less saliva and heavy bad breath; There is little saliva containing bactericidal ingredients, and I like to grow worm teeth; Pressing the throat during sleep, easy to snore, poor sleep quality; Hinder the growth and development of teenagers’ chins, and make the teeth arranged unevenly; Affect facial muscles and bones, making the face crooked; The sense of smell is the oldest sensory nerve, which is directly connected with the brain. Without air passing through the nasal cavity, the olfactory function of the brain will be dulled.

　　Patients can try to adjust their sleeping posture instead of lying on their backs; Don’t be too tired when exercising, choose the intensity that can make you gasp without opening your mouth; When sleeping, you can put special tape on your mouth.

　　Mouth breathing may "destroy the face value"

　　Mouth breathing has a great influence on a person’s face, which can’t be ignored, especially during the growth and development of teenagers’ faces.

　　First of all, there are two main reasons for mouth breathing: one is that the upper respiratory tract is blocked, and sinusitis, nasal polyps, turbinate hypertrophy, adenoid hypertrophy, tonsil hypertrophy, etc. cause respiratory tract blockage, so that you can’t breathe through your nose, but you can only breathe through your mouth; In another case, there is no disease, which is simply caused by bad habits.

　　If infected in childhood, the adenoids become swollen and inflamed, which may cause permanent hypertrophy of the adenoids. Adenoid hypertrophy will hinder nose breathing and affect the excretion of sinus, which is easy to suffer from sinusitis. Tonsils and adenoids are enlarged in childhood, reaching the peak at the age of 6 to 8, but with the increase of age, their volume will gradually shrink and generally degenerate at the age of 12.

　　If teenagers have some diseases of nasal cavity or adenoid tonsil, it will lead to poor nasal ventilation and then oral breathing. Mouth breathing has changed people’s original way of breathing, which makes the nasal cavity unable to ventilate normally and causes abnormal development. If the nasal cavity can’t breathe normally, people can only open their mouths to breathe, which will change the normal position of oral tissues. Changes in the position of lips and tongue will cause changes in teeth and maxilla. When breathing with the mouth open, the strength of buccal muscles on the dental arch will easily lead to the narrowing of the dental arch and abnormal tongue position, and the strength of buccal muscles on the maxillary dental arch will be strengthened, and the maxillary dental arch will gradually become narrow, and the upper teeth will lean forward, eventually forming buck teeth.

　　Raise your lungs and do more breathing exercises in autumn and winter.

　　Autumn and winter are the periods of high incidence of respiratory diseases, including colds, acute bronchitis, acute attack of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. Breathing exercises can improve the symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and wheezing in patients with respiratory diseases, realize the adjustment and entry of breath in the body, improve the function of human viscera, and thus improve the immunity of the body. Clinical research shows that breathing exercises can obviously restore lung function.

　　There are seven sections of breathing exercises, and the specific methods are as follows:

　　Lip contraction breathing

　　Objective: To prevent the small airway from trapping and narrowing during exhalation, so as to facilitate the discharge of air in alveoli.

　　Methods: Inhale with the nose, close your lips lightly when exhale, and exhale slowly, with your mouth whistling.

　　abdominal respiration

　　Objective: To enhance diaphragm strength, reduce airway resistance, increase tidal volume, and improve hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention.

　　Methods: Put your right hand on your belly button and your left hand on your chest. When inhaling, expand the abdomen outward to the maximum extent and keep the chest still. When exhaling, contract the abdomen inward as much as possible and keep the chest still.

　　Hold one’s breath

　　Objective: To prolong the exchange time of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lung and make more oxygen enter the blood.

　　Methods: Inhale, hold your breath for 3 seconds, turn your head to the right and exhale. Inhale, hold your breath for 3 seconds, turn your head to the left and exhale.

　　Stretch breathing

　　Objective: To increase lung function and relieve shoulder and neck pain.

　　Methods: straighten your arms, raise your head forward and upward gradually, and inhale deeply at the same time; Then put your arms together, lean forward and exhale deeply. (Note: Try to breathe by abdomen. )

　　Press and knead to welcome incense.

　　Objective: To relieve rhinitis, toothache and cold.

　　Methods: Flex the thumb with both hands and massage Yingxiang point with the first knuckle (Yingxiang point is opened next to the midpoint of the outer edge of the nose, which is in the nasolabial groove).

　　Push the wind pool

　　Objective: To relieve headache, neck ache and stiff neck.

　　Methods: With the palm of your hand spread out, push the ipsilateral posterior occipital Fengchi point with the side of the little finger joint or thenar respectively (Fengchi point is parallel to the earlobe on both sides of the major tendon behind the head and forehead), commonly known as pushing the major tendon to achieve a sense of pain.

　　Chest percussion

　　Objective: With the help of the vibration and gravity produced by tapping, the secretions stranded in the airway can be discharged.

　　Methods: The fingers of both hands were bent together to make the palm of the hand cup-shaped, and the chest wall was rapped rhythmically with wrist strength.

　　Relieve anxiety and try abdominal breathing.

　　When we are nervous and anxious, not only the brain will be nervous and anxious, but also the breathing will become rapid, especially the heart beating will be accelerated. If we can take certain measures to make our breathing smooth first, then our heart will calm down and our emotional tension and anxiety will disappear.

　　Abdominal breathing relaxation training can achieve this goal.

　　Abdominal breathing relaxation training is to focus on the abdomen and breathe with it, so that the chest and lungs can be filled with more oxygen. There are six steps in the training process:

　　The first step is to find a quiet place. When practicing, you can sit, stand or lie down with your eyes open or closed. Try to make yourself feel calm and comfortable.

　　The second step is to focus your thoughts on your abdomen (from the third centimeter below the navel to the abdomen) and focus on your breathing. Then, put a hand on the abdomen, slowly take a long breath through the nasal cavity, and slowly count from 1 to 5 in your heart.

　　Step three, when you take a long breath slowly, try your best to expand your abdomen and imagine a balloon being filled with air. To a certain extent, you will feel that your lung tips will be filled with air.

　　Step 4: Hold your breath slowly, and then say 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in your mind.

　　The fifth step is to exhale slowly through the nasal cavity, while meditating 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in your mind. When exhaling, you should slowly contract your abdomen. Imagine a balloon deflating. You can slowly bend down to exhale to 90 degrees, and make sure that the air in your lungs is completely exhaled. You feel that your front abdomen and back are about to touch.

　　The feeling that the air is completely spit out is like suffocating, so you have to inhale quickly.

　　Step six, repeat the above process for seven times.

　　Anxious people can initially choose a fixed period of 2 ~ 3 times a day to practice, and after mastering the skills and reaching a relaxed state, they can do this kind of training anytime and anywhere. (People’s Health Network is integrated from Life Times, Health Times, Health News, Nanfang Daily)

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"What day stack? Twelve points? Sun, moon and security? Li Xing An Chen? " -Qu Yuan’s "Tian Wen"

Is there any margin in the vast starry sky? Is there extraterrestrial life in the vast universe?

Guo Shoujing telescope (LAMOST), Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) (FAST), high-altitude cosmic ray observatory (LHAASO) and China’s three "sky-watching heavyweights", what cosmic whispers have you heard?

On the stage of "Science and Technology New Year Show" in 2024-"Science Night" at the main station, the speech and dance of "Beauty of Science" were specially presented. In order to present the breathtaking beauty of science in more dimensions, the Social Education Program Center of the General Station plans to launch the extended brand "Science Night" of the General Station-"Beauty of Science". The film is under the professional guidance of China Association for Science and Technology.

With the theme of five natural mysteries, The Beauty of Science (the first season) invited six academicians of China Academy of Sciences: Wang Enge, a physicist and former president of Peking University, Cui Xiangqun, a lichen mycologist, Muming Poo, a neurobiologist and biophysicist, Luo Qingming, a bioimager and president of Hainan University, and Cheng Heping, a cell biologist and biophysicist, to share their understanding of the beauty of science. It presents a pure, extreme and gorgeous visual spectacle by combining ultra-microscopic photography, scientific experiments and field visits. Record the symbiosis of science and art, and sing the symphony of wisdom and sensibility.

As early as the ancient times, the vastness and magnificence of the Milky Way aroused the infinite curiosity of mankind. CCTV-10 will broadcast the third episode of "The Beauty of Science" at 21:20 pm on Sunday (April 27th). Astronomer and Academician Cui Xiangqun of China Academy of Sciences will explain how Guo Shoujing Telescope (LAMOST), Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) (FAST) and high-altitude cosmic ray observatory (LHAASO) can explore hidden in the starry sky.

Guo Shoujing telescope LAMOST:

The "gene sequencing officer" of cosmic celestial bodies

When the stars light up the night sky, at the top of the mountains in Xinglong County, Hebei Province, "Starcatcher" LAMOST quietly wakes up. Behind the mirror, 16 spectrometers were started synchronously, and 4,000 optical fibers were precisely arrayed, locking 4,000 target celestial bodies one by one, and splitting the light from celestial bodies into spectra with different wavelengths, which were recorded and archived by 32 CCD cameras independently developed by China.

△LAMOST opening moment

△ beautiful starry sky

LAMOST’s mission is not to shoot the beauty of the starry sky, but to decode the truth of the universe hidden in the starlight. The light emitted by each star has a unique spectrum, which is like a gene fragment of a cosmic celestial body and records the unique identity information of each celestial body.

As the largest spectral survey telescope in the world, LAMOST is building a cosmic archive for the stars at the speed of scanning tens of thousands of cosmic objects every night.

△ Guo Shoujing telescope LAMOST

LAMOST is called "large-sky-area multi-target optical fiber spectrum astronomical telescope", named after Guo Shoujing, an ancient astronomer in China. Since the launch of the sky survey program in September 2012, LAMOST has observed the spectra of more than 25 million cosmic objects. The more we know about the stars in the universe, the more data we can provide for the future exploration of the universe, and let mankind take a step closer to the vast starry sky.

△ Academician of China Academy of Sciences Cui Xiangqun

Cui Xiangqun, an astronomer and academician of China Academy of Sciences, said: "We developed telescopes to observe increasingly dark and distant celestial bodies. We are pursuing a limit, and the universe that human beings realize is getting closer and closer to the truth of nature. "

"Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" FAST:

Listen to the "heartbeat" of the universe

In 2021, a series of intermittent radio signals received by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) FAST excited many astronomers. These mysterious signals from outer space were repeated 1652 times in 47 days, and some even speculated whether they came from alien life. Scientists have analyzed that these signals come from distant space 3 billion light years away.

Although FAST is called "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)", its task is not to look at the stars, but to "listen" to the universe. Just as bats can tell the direction with their own ultrasonic waves, FAST can obtain information about the universe through electromagnetic waves.

△ "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" FAST

The full name of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" FAST is "500-meter spherical radio telescope". As the largest radio telescope in the world, the detection distance of FAST is almost close to the edge of the universe.

Since its official opening in 2020, FAST has discovered more than 1,000 pulsars. These "lighthouses" in the depths of the universe mark the deep space coordinates for human beings with special pulses and stable rotation frequency. In the future, when the "lighthouse coordinate system" covers a wider interstellar space, it will become the "cosmic GPS" for interstellar travel, guiding the spacecraft through the dark territory of light-year scale.

△ "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" active reflector

Why can FAST "listen" so far? The answer lies in the "big eyes" surrounded by mountains in Guizhou: the super reflective surface of FAST can be stretched from a sphere to a paraboloid; Six 100-meter steel towers lock deep space signals with 10 mm accuracy, and gather weak signals hundreds of millions of light-years away into focus.

△ "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" FAST

High altitude cosmic ray observatory "lasso" (LHAASO);

The mysterious "cosmic post office" on the plateau

△ "lasso" panorama

△ "Lasso" at night

At 21: 20: 50 on October 9, 2022, more than 60,000 gamma photons were recorded by Lasso, which was the afterglow of a star funeral 2 billion light years away. A giant star with a mass 20 times that of the sun collapsed after running out of nuclear fuel, releasing a "cosmic fireworks" gamma-ray burst lasting several hundred seconds.

On the detector array of Lasso, the moment when "cosmic fireworks" splashed was collected. This is the first time that human beings have completely recorded the "life cycle" of the trillion electron volt gamma ray burst from birth to annihilation. Because such events happen once in a blue moon, the data of Lasso will remain the "best observation record of the universe" in the next hundred years.

△ Simulation animation of gamma-ray bursts reaching the Earth

"Laso" stands on the 4410-meter plateau in Daocheng, Sichuan. It is not a telescope in the traditional sense, but a "cosmic post office" composed of 5,216 electromagnetic particle detectors, 1,188 Muzi detectors and 18 wide-angle Cherenkov telescopes. Its mission is to intercept cosmic rays in the universe like "time and space stationery".

△ "Lasso" Cherenkov telescope works

△ "Lasso" water Cherenkov detector array

Cosmic rays are "raindrops" in deep space and "time drift bottles" of distant celestial bodies. They carry the code of celestial evolution and knock on the earth at a speed close to the speed of light.

△ "Cable" electromagnetic particle detector and Muzi detector

LAMOST writes biographies of stars with visible light, FAST listens to whispers in deep space with radio waves, and Lasso traces the history of the universe with gamma rays. Every discovery of these astronomical devices is trying to answer "Where did we come from? Where is the universe finally? "

△ Weather changes above "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)"

△ Foreign radio telescope

The scientific and technological progress and influence brought by scientific apparatus can hardly be measured by the current short-term achievements. Every major breakthrough will "inadvertently" bring great shock and impetus to the whole basic discipline and even the process of human civilization.

△ Cosmic Nebula Simulation Animation

Academician Cui Xiangqun also talked about the significance of human beings inquiring about the sky and surveying the sky: "When you see the starry sky, everyone will feel that people are very small. Even if you live for 100 years, it is only a moment on the scale of the universe. So we have to do something interesting. This interesting thing makes you feel that you have not lived in vain and contributed to the progress and development of human civilization. "

△ beautiful starry sky

In front of the 13.8 billion-year-old universe, the history of human beings is like a moment, but it is the existence of this moment that allows us to use electromagnetic waves as a pen to write annotations belonging to human beings on the curtain of time and space.

The Beauty of Science, Episode 3, Asking for Heaven

At 21:20 pm on April 27th, 2025.

CCTV-10 science education channel

See China Astronomical scientific apparatus.

On a light-year scale

Measuring the deepest mysteries of the universe