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　　[thoughts]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Labor refers to the activity that people create material wealth and spiritual wealth necessary for their own survival and development through their own hard physical or mental efforts. In the new era, labor education has been picked up again, and schools have gradually begun to jointly carry out labor education practice with society and families. But in reality, labor education is often reduced to a simple task in daily teaching, a simple physical education, skill learning, and even alienated into entertainment, punishment and domestication. This paper holds that the lack of understanding of the connotation of labor and labor education still leads to some misunderstandings in the practice of labor education, such as the "servitude" of cognitive mental work that makes learning and labor oppose each other, the "play" that replaces the real pleasure of labor, and the lack of continuity in labor education, which needs serious reflection based on the connotation of labor education, and has certain practical pertinence, hoping to bring inspiration to readers.

　　1, learning "servitude" put learning and labor in opposition.

　　In recent years, labor education has been promoted to the same position as moral education, intellectual education, physical education and aesthetic education, so some schools have vigorously carried out labor education practice. Some open up schools to build farms and guide students to carry out productive labor practice; Some combine social resources and rely on labor education practice bases to organize students to experience labor. Social practice activities of learning agriculture and learning industry are carried out regularly every year in many places. However, while increasing the opportunities of labor experience, we will find a conventional concept that students’ daily study is not labor. This is really worth reflecting on. Isn’t learning itself labor?

　　In fact, learning itself is also a kind of labor, and learning is cognitive mental labor. Soviet educator Suhomlinski believes that "labor education begins when students sit behind desks and study. Desk is the most complicated machine tool, which makes children, teenagers and teenagers feel that it is shameful to be careless, and laziness and idleness are sad. It is the most difficult thing for students to establish this understanding in education". Learning is a kind of labor that promotes the combination of wisdom and hands’ efforts. In this labor, learning is labor, while knowledge is the result of labor efforts. Under the background of digital labor era, the function of labor gradually turns to the existential function of realizing personal self-worth and obtaining the sense of value and meaning of existence. From this perspective, completing labor outside of learning may not be able to obtain more sense of value and existence than learning process.

　　If learning is labor, why talk about labor education now? Why didn’t the mental work, which occupies the main position in students’ life at present, achieve the purpose of labor education? Why do schools often oppose mental labor and productive labor, and think that too much emphasis on intellectual development leads to insufficient labor experience? This is because the mental work of learning is alienated, and learning has been externalized as "labor".

　　To recognize that learning is externalized as "labor", we need to trace back the essence of learning, a mental labor, and re-examine the current learning process of students. From Marx’s definition of labor, we can see that labor is firstly a process between man and nature. In the process of material exchange with nature, people increasingly realize the common attributes of things and phenomena, and find the regularity and connection between them, while mental labor is expressed in the form of representation, concept and reasoning. Learning this mental work ultimately points to scientific understanding of things, which is also an essential attribute for learning to become mental work. At present, students’ learning has gradually become "externalized labor" pointed out by Marx. Marx said in the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844: Labor is an external thing for workers. In labor, he does not affirm himself, but denies himself. Instead of feeling happy, he feels unfortunate. Instead of freely exerting his physical strength and intelligence, he makes himself physically tortured and mentally destroyed. Once the external force stops, he will escape from labor like a plague. This exposition of externalization of labor seems to be just right to describe the study of today’s students. Students’ study is not to scientifically understand reality, but to pursue external material needs. The "tearing books after the college entrance examination" repeatedly exposed by the media reflects the students’ escape from this externally imposed task. Therefore, learning is no longer real labor, and it no longer has the function of liberating physical strength and intelligence.Instead, it becomes "hard labor", so it has little effect on improving students’ labor literacy.

　　2. "Gamification" makes students lose their interest in labor.

　　Corresponding to the fact that learning has become "hard labor", other forms of labor education that are gradually emerging show a trend of "gamification". Some schools carry out interesting and wonderful labor activities to attract students, and some schools integrate labor education into spring outing. On the one hand, this can improve students’ enthusiasm for participating in labor, but on the other hand, we need to pay attention to avoid blurring the difference between labor and games. Labor is the process of externalizing oneself, while game is the process of internalizing reality. The fuzziness of the difference between labor and games is more obvious in the digital age. Digital labor blurs the time-space boundary between entertainment and work, and dispels the traditional antagonistic relationship between play and labor.

　　Labor is a serious process of giving, and the joy of labor lies in creation. This kind of giving also explains the self-externalization of labor. Students devote their physical strength and intelligence to the labor process and gain certain results. The pleasure that students feel in their work is the pleasure of creating things because of self-sacrifice, not fun. There is a difference between labor and games. Games can naturally bring satisfaction to children, but labor itself has no interest in children, so the interest in labor needs to be cultivated and developed consciously. The "gamification" of labor makes many activities look interesting, but there is no labor in essence, and students can’t gain interest in labor. Suhomlinski believes that the interest in labor should be manifested as "they realize that they can act on nature, make plants give fruits, and use tools to process wood or metal into needed shapes". Therefore, in the practice of labor education, we need to judge whether the interest in the labor process comes from giving and creating, or is interfered by other factors such as gamification.

　　The contribution in the process of labor can cultivate positive labor values and make students love the working people and respect the fruits of labor. At the end of the 19th century, a "new" school appeared in France to train people engaged in "advanced knowledge occupations". In this school, students treat manual labor just like games and sports, because they don’t have to live by manual labor in the future. Although this school is located in the countryside, the students are far away from farmers’ lives. Although they are also working, they can’t really understand and study various social relations. Rousseau believes that only by taking part in labor in person and understanding all its complexity and arduousness according to experience can students judge the social significance of a production department in the future. Therefore, if we don’t regard labor as a serious process, we can’t cultivate our feelings for the working people, and we can’t cultivate our appreciation for the obtained survival materials.

　　3. Labor education stays in experience and ignores daily self-service labor.

　　At present, the labor practice of studying industry and agriculture in some areas is vigorously carried out, and an institutionalized labor experience system is gradually formed based on the construction of learning industry and agriculture bases. However, the persistence of these activities is worthy of attention. Most schools spend one week each semester leading students to experience labor, but they only stay in the experience once each semester, and there is a lack of cohesion between the activities, which is easy to make the labor experience become a casual entertainment. What’s more, some schools organize students to pull weeds in wasteland, and students regard pulling weeds as a kind of hard labor. This kind of labor experience of "working without teaching" deepens students’ rejection of manual labor. Therefore, the experience of labor must be complete, so that students can see the results of labor and feel satisfied with the achievements they have made through their own labor. If we just stop at pulling weeds without letting students experience the significance of pulling weeds for the growth of saplings, it will be difficult for this labor experience to play its due role. To lead students to plant wheat seedlings, we should let them see the process of wheat seedlings growing, heading and harvesting, and even let them see the process of wheat grains turning into food. At this time, the sense of pleasure comes not only from obtaining external products, but also from experiencing the sense of value and existence of labor.

　　In fact, daily self-service labor is just the way to implement the principle of continuity of labor education. However, these are often ignored in schools and families. Schools spend time and energy to organize off-campus labor practice, but at noon, catering staff bring students lunch to the classroom, "depriving" students of the opportunity to experience self-service. The relationship between man and self is at the core of the three attributes of man, which also means that students’ self-service labor plays a vital role in students’ all-round development. Self-service labor can be regarded as the beginning of labor education. No matter what kind of productive labor he is engaged in in in the future, self-service will become his obligation and habit, and it is also the habit of cultivating people to observe discipline, meet their personal needs by doing it themselves, and form the habit of respecting others. When students get food effortlessly, it is difficult to ask them to respect food and labor.

　　4. Strategies and suggestions for getting out of the misunderstanding of labor education practice.

　　"If there is labor, there may not be education". Labor needs to satisfy three relational attributes, namely, man and self, man and nature, and man and society. The basic contents of labor are: self-service labor, productive labor and social welfare labor. Labor education is a practical activity based on physical labor and material production labor, exploratory innovation labor and artistic aesthetic labor, which is manifested in independent life in family life, practice and hands-on operation in study, public welfare activities in society and various professional labor. Therefore, the strategy to get out of the misunderstanding of labor education practice is to balance people’s different forms of labor demand through diversification.

　　First of all, set up a cohesive and comprehensive labor education course. Dewey once said in The Waste of Education that all aspects and stages of education lack the necessary connection and cohesion with each other, which leads to conflicts and even negative effects. Similarly, in order to avoid the waste of education caused by labor education staying at the experience level, the labor education curriculum needs to pay attention to the cohesion of labor content and skills, which is reflected in the cohesion of curriculum content and the cohesion of education system. In terms of course content, it is necessary to set up labor courses that echo and connect properly according to the needs and characteristics of students of different classes and grades. In the education system, it is necessary to consolidate the skills and concepts of labor education through the cooperation between family and society. Schools can encourage students to find service jobs at home, take the initiative to participate in housework, and learn some labor skills. In addition, the content of labor curriculum also needs to take into account three basic labor education contents, namely, self-service labor, productive labor and social welfare labor.

　　Secondly, change the concept of labor education of parents and educators, so that parents and educators can establish labor education awareness. The promotion of the cooperative mechanism between labor educators and schools puts forward higher requirements for teachers and parents’ awareness of labor education. For example, some schools will arrange "homework". If teachers and parents can’t pay attention to it, the effect will be greatly reduced. In order to avoid staying in the curriculum, labor education needs to enhance the awareness of teachers and parents. On the one hand, it is necessary to interpret the connotation, function and significance of labor education in combination with the development of the new era. On the other hand, it is necessary to change the concept of labor education through necessary education and training, so that they can voluntarily carry out and cooperate with the development of labor education activities.

　　Finally, actively develop creative forms of labor and promote the combination of physical strength and brain power. Creative labor enables students to use the power of wisdom in physical labor, realize the unity of "internal thinking" and "external doing", and thus experience the happiness of labor. Wang Shaoliang, a scholar, believes that the labor values of contemporary teenagers have changed from "labor glory" to "labor happiness", that is, from "a kind of praise obtained from the outside through labor achievements" to "confirmation and affirmation of an essential force from their own labor achievements". Therefore, the development of school labor activities can not stay in simple physical labor, but needs to develop challenging creative labor that can show students’ physical and mental potential. Suhomlinski’s "creative labor theory" also points out that the content of labor education should be enriched with enough knowledge, abundant wisdom and refined talents.

　　 (Author: Ning Bentao Feng Linlin, respectively, professor of the Department of Education, Department of Education, East China Normal University, researcher of the Institute of Basic Education Reform and Development; Master student, Department of Education, East China Normal University)

Live broadcast: On November 3rd, in the 21st round of U21 League, Shandong Taishan U21 team defeated Shanghai Harbour U21 team 2-1, locked in the championship one round ahead of schedule, and got the qualification to participate in the 2024 season B. According to "Football News", in the final round, there were four teams competing for the remaining one B spot.

According to the rules, the top two players in U21 League this year won the number of places in China B, but the rules on registration, promotion and demotion have not been finalized. After this round, Taishan scored 45 points, Haigang scored 40 points, Dalian scored 39 points, Rongcheng scored 39 points and Shenhua scored 38 points. Taishan U21 team has won the championship ahead of schedule and successfully rushed to B, while the four U21 teams of Haigang, Dalian, Rongcheng and Shenhua all have hope of rushing to B in the final round.

At present, the situation in the seaport is the best. If you win, you will get the qualification of B. If you draw, you need another game and it will be a draw. If you lose, you will miss B.: If Dalian people win and the harbor doesn’t win, they can get the qualification of B, and they will be tied or negative; If Rongcheng wins, and the harbor doesn’t win, it will get the qualification of B, and it will be flat or negative; If Shenhua wins and Dalian people draw with Rongcheng, they can get the qualification of B.

(Tiger)

　　At 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　[Follow] Official announcement! Corruption-related personnel are not allowed to be released on parole for this behavior.

　　According to the website of the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Court recently issued the Supplementary Provisions on the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole. The Supplementary Provisions make it clear that criminals who were originally state functionaries who were sentenced for corruption and bribery, refused to plead guilty and repent, or did not perform or did not fully perform the property judgment in the effective judgment, were not granted parole, and generally did not receive commutation.

　　[domestic]

　　The deflagration accident of Fangda Special Steel has caused 2 deaths and 8 injuries. Investigation on the listed supervision accident in Jiangxi Province

　　According to the Jiangxi Provincial Emergency Management Department, as of 13: 00 on May 31, the deflagration accident of Fangda Special Steel Company in Nanchang has caused two deaths and eight injuries (six of them are in critical condition). According to the relevant laws and regulations, the Nanchang Municipal Government has set up an accident investigation team to carry out accident investigation, and the Jiangxi Provincial Safety Committee Office has listed and supervised the accident investigation, and will interview the person in charge of Fangda Group Industrial Co., Ltd. in the near future.

　　The new version of foreigner visa, group visa and residence permit is so long!

　　The State Administration of Immigration issued an announcement on May 31, deciding to enable the new version of foreigners’ visas, group visas and residence permits. The exit-entry administration departments of public security organs nationwide began to issue the new version of foreigners’ visas, group visas and residence permits from June 1, and stopped issuing the current version of foreigners’ visas, special economic zone tourist visas, group visas and residence permits. Special economic zone tourist visa business uses the new version of the visa to make and issue.

　　Nearly 100 ancient tombs have been found in Tsinghua University, but no funerary objects have been found yet.

　　On May 31st, it was reported that an ancient tomb was discovered during the construction of the northern side of Six Religions in Tsinghua University. According to Tsinghua University’s news about WeChat WeChat official account, 87 tombs of Ming and Qing Dynasties and 5 tombs of Han Dynasty have been discovered this time. The excavation work is not over yet, and the exact figures need to be further discovered and verified. As the funerary objects have not been found yet, the specific archaeological value has yet to be confirmed. According to the on-site staff, in addition to the bones, there are items such as copper coins at the excavation site.

　　Beijing: The number of smokers has decreased by 200,000 after the implementation of the tobacco control regulations for four years.

　　May 31st is the fourth anniversary of the implementation of the Regulations on Smoking Control in Beijing. Since the implementation of the Regulations, Beijing 12320 hotline has received 50126 complaints and reports on tobacco control, and the top three places for complaints and reports are office buildings, restaurants and entertainment places, accounting for 40.3%, 24.5% and 9.8% of the total complaints respectively. The rate of illegal smoking in public places decreased from 34.4% to 4.9%, a decrease of 85.8%; The adult smoking rate in Beijing decreased from 23.4% in 2014 to 22.3%, and the number of smokers decreased by 200,000. The exposure rate of secondhand smoke decreased from 35.7% to 20%, a decrease of 15.7 percentage points, and the number of people exposed to secondhand smoke decreased by 2.8 million.

　　Beijing’s first bicycle lane opens

　　On May 31st, the first bicycle lane in Beijing was put into trial operation. Bicycle lanes are totally enclosed, with a total length of 6.5 kilometers. They start from Huilongguan in Changping District in the east and end at Houchangcun Road in Haidian District in the west. There are 8 entrances and exits, and the speed of cycling does not exceed 15 kilometers per hour. Pedestrians, electric bicycles and other vehicles are prohibited from entering. After opening, it will directly serve about 11,600 commuters along the line, effectively alleviating the traffic pressure between Huilongguan and Shangdi on Metro Line 13 and improving the regional green travel environment.

　　Li Guowen, former member of the Standing Committee of Tianjin Municipal People’s Congress, accepted disciplinary review and supervision investigation.

　　According to the website of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, Li Guowen, former member of the Standing Committee of Tianjin Municipal People’s Congress, is under disciplinary review and supervision investigation.

　　In 2018, the top ten online terms in China were announced, and koi fish, Buddhism and skr were selected.

　　On the morning of May 31, the Report on Language Life in China (2019) released by the Ministry of Education and the State Language Commission showed that ten words, such as koi fish, Buddhism and skr, became the annual online terms in 2018.

　　These top 10 online terms include: koi fish, Bar Jing, skr, Buddhism, Confirmed Eyes, Official Announcements, C-position, earthy love words, peeling, burning my calories. When explaining "skr", the report pointed out that the word originally refers to the rubbing sound of automobile tires, and then it quickly became popular with the frequent use of a pop singer in variety shows, and was imitated and spread by netizens. When you encounter something recognized, you will use skr to express your admiration and praise.

　　[international]

　　Eleven people have been killed and six injured in a shooting in Virginia, USA.

　　On Friday afternoon local time, a shooting incident occurred in Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA, killing 11 people and injuring 6 others. It is reported that the gunman has been killed by the police.

　　Caressing Nara deer or causing it to be "abandoned" conservation groups: don’t touch it!

　　According to Japanese media reports on May 31st, Nara Park, a famous tourist attraction in Japan, is now at the peak of deer birth. Local conservation groups have called for the doe to stop taking care of the deer if it is infected with the smell of people, so if tourists see the deer, "don’t touch it."

　　American man sued Delta Air Lines for being bitten by a dog on the plane and leaving a scar on his face.

　　According to US media reports, Marlin Jackson, a man from Alabama, filed a lawsuit against Delta Air Lines on May 31, claiming that in 2017, an emotional support dog of a passenger of Delta Air Lines attacked him on a flight.

　　According to reports, litigation documents show that on the flight from Atlanta to San Diego, Jackson was sitting in a window seat, and a passenger’s "big dog" suddenly attacked him, bit his face and forced him to cling to the window of the plane. He is suing the airline for an unknown amount, claiming that the company failed to ensure his safety and allowed the dog to board the plane without proper restraint.

　　Nearly half of Chileans rely on self-study to watch American TV plays in English.

　　According to foreign media reports, the "Global English Learning Report" conducted by Yuguan Survey Network shows that 49% of Chilean respondents teach themselves English by watching American TV shows. The report said: "In developing countries, such as Indonesia and Chile, people are more inclined to master some English skills through self-study." In Germany, 93% of the respondents learn English through school teaching.

　　Society

　　The driver refused to take the drunk passenger and was responded by dripping.

　　Recently, a drip driver refused to carry a drunk passenger and was beaten, which triggered a heated discussion. On May 31, Didi explained that on the evening of the 27th, Master Qin, the driver of Didi in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, was beaten by five drunken passengers during the service and was injured and hospitalized. According to the audio and video evidence, the driver refused to take the taxi, and Didi would permanently stop providing taxi service to the taxi driver. At present, Master Qin is in stable condition and is recovering.

　　In 2019, the mountaineering season on the China side of Mount Everest ended, with 241 people reaching the summit, 2 rescued and 2 killed.

　　The press conference on Mount Everest in Xizang Autonomous Region in 2019 was held in Lhasa on May 31st. The People’s Government of Xizang Autonomous Region released the relevant data of the climbing season on the China side of Mount Everest in 2019. A total of 241 people climbed the world’s highest mountain from the north slope of Mount Everest in Xizang Autonomous Region, China, and two foreign climbers were rescued in distress and died due to physical discomfort.

　　The Guangdong police’s Hurricane 2019 operation destroyed more than 300 criminal gangs in five months.

　　On May 31st, the press conference held by the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department reported that the Guangdong police’s "Hurricane 2019" special campaign launched 34 "Hurricane" cluster campaigns from January to May, destroying more than 300 criminal gangs and arresting more than 5,400 criminal suspects, successfully cracking a number of criminal cases, effectively driving the province’s criminal alert and criminal filing down by 16.4% and 9.6% respectively.

　　A fire broke out in a KTV building in Changchun.

　　On the morning of May 31, a fire broke out in a KTV building near the intersection of Changchun Street and Dajing Road in Changchun City. At 10 o’clock in the morning, firefighters were carrying out fire fighting work. The building where the fire broke out was unrecognizable, and the fire was under control, but there was still an open flame in the building. It is not clear whether there are any casualties.

　　[Sports]

　　80 yuan also sent a cheering T-shirt to announce the highest fare for the national football warm-up match.

　　Weibo, the official of China Football Team, announced the ticket price of the national football warm-up match in June. The highest price is only 80 yuan, and you can also get a cheering T-shirt.

　　According to the information released by China Football Team Weibo, the tickets for this warm-up match are divided into three stages: 30 yuan, 50 yuan and 80 yuan, and all spectators who buy tickets for the match can receive a T-shirt for China team for free on the match day.

　　[face]

　　[Xia Gengen] The only boy wears a wedding dress to shoot graduation photo.

　　Graduation photo, a special student of Northwest Normal University, became popular on the Internet, with a boy wearing a wedding dress and 28 girls wearing suits surrounding him. A group of special graduation photo popular networks in Northwest Normal University in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, have been dubbed by netizens as "the funniest graduation photo of the year". Xia Gengen, the hero in the photo, said, "We don’t want to be unconventional or eye-catching. We just want to leave a good memory for graduation photo in the class. As long as the students are happy, I am not afraid of other people’s opinions and ridicule. "

　　[Wang Yongfeng] We must be in awe of nature.

　　At the end of the climbing season on the China side of Mount Everest in 2019, Wang Yongfeng, Vice Chairman of chinese mountaineering association, told the climbers in an interview on May 31 that they must be awed by nature, and introduced chinese mountaineering association’s efforts to ensure the safety of climbers on Mount Everest. Besides, enjoying the process is more important than reaching the top.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Zhu Xinyu